مجله تحقیقات علوم رفتاری
سال یازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 29، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1392)

Aim and Blackguard: Evaluation and determination of involved neurocognitive mechanism in smoking can be helpful in treatment of this dependence. Methods and Materials: Forty smokers with 40 non smokers participated in study with non probability sampling. In this retrospective study، Go/Nogo and Balloon Analogue Risk Taking Task are used for evaluation of inhibitory control and risky decision making respectively. T-Test was used for analysis. Findings show that smokers and nonsmoker were similar in go stage of go/nogo task. In nogo stage smokers significantly have lower grad from nonsmokers. Smokers have higher risky decision in BART task. High risk taking and low inhibitory control could be considered as predisposing and influencing factors for smoking.

Aim and The present study aimed to investigate the symptom severity and quality of life in patients suffering from bipolar disorder. Methods and Materials: This longitudinal and prospective study was done on 20 patients with bipolar type I disorder who were hospitalized in Noor Hospital of Isfahan، Iran. Patients were evaluated before hospitalization، at the time of discharge، 3 and 6 months after discharge. Patient’s mood symptoms severity and quality of life were evaluated by Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and World Health Organization’s Quality of Life Questionnaire. Repeated measure analysis of variance showed that the mean of mood symptoms severity at the time of hospitalization was significantly higher than its mean at the time of discharge، as well as 3 and 6 months after it. However، there was no significant difference between the scores of quality of life at discharge، and 3 and 6 months after discharge. It can be acknowledged that patient’s hospitalization was effective in decreasing the symptom severity and increasing quality of life at the time of discharge and it remained the same through the next stages.

Aim and Meta-cognition is one of the high cognitive processes of brain which has positive relationship with other cognitive capacities and can be considered as a predisposing factor in most of psychopathologies. the aim of present study was to examine the relationship between meta-cognition with anxiety and depression in mothers of children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared with mothers of normal children. this is a descriptive-analytic cross sectional study. The populations of this study were the mothers of 7-12 years old children who lived in Isfahan in 2011. 50 mothers of children with ADHD and 50 mothers of normal children were chosen through purposive sampling and were assessed by means of Wells and Cartwright meta-cognitive beliefs Questionnaire، Spielberger Anxiety Questionnaire، and Beck depression inventory- II. data analysis showed that there is a significant difference in anxiety and depression between two groups of mothers with ADHD children and mothers of normal children when the age is controlled and the first group had more depression symptoms. The mean of meta- cognition scores in these two groups was not significantly different. Anxiety was correlated with depression and meta- cognition in both groups (p= 0. 01). Psychological health of mothers of children with ADHD is less than mothers of normal children، and taking a systemic approach in solving problems of such families can be useful.

Aim and The aim of this study was to investigate explicit and implicit memory biases in students of Alzahra University and Tehran University، Iran with depression، anxiety، mixed disorder and normal students. Methods and Materials: This research design was based on causal comparative design. 100 students of Alzahra University and Tehran University were chosen by cluster random sampling method. They were given Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) test، Beck Depression Inventory، and Beck Anxiety Inventory. Subjects were asked to decode the words and recall them. Then they answered the free recall tasks which assessed memory biases. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and student’s t-test. Based on recalling the words (positive، negative and threatening emotions) there was a significant difference between implicit memory under difficult and easy situations and explicit memory in groups (P < 0. 001). The bias in depressed، anxious، and mixed depression anxiety groups were more in their implicit memory than explicit memory. They recalled the emotionally negative and threating words under difficult situations less. Results showed that the mixed depression anxiety group recalled words similar to depressed group than anxious group.

Aim and

Improving the quality of life is the main goal of managements for all diseases. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between quality of life and symptom severity in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods and Materials: Based on physician diagnosis using Rome III criteria، 225 patients with irritable bowel syndrome who were visited in a psychosomatic clinic in Isfahan، Iran were recruited. All the selected cases completed the irritable bowel syndrome-quality of life (IBS-QOL) and irritable bowel syndrome severity index (IBS-SI) questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation coefficient.

65 (28. 9%) patients were males and 160 (71. 1%) were females with mean age of 38. 6 ± 12. 3 years and mean disease duration of 5. 1 ± 4. 3 years. Mean score of IBS-QOL and IBS-SI was 43. 4 ± 20. 7 and 238. 9 ± 95. 4، respectively. IBS-QOL score and IBS-SI score had a statistically significant positive correlation.

The quality of life was inversely related to severity of symptoms in patients with IBS.

Aim and Alexithymia is a psychological construct that is prevalent in a wide range of psychiatric and medical disorders. Because of its importance in mental and physical health، many surveys today assess the different aspects of alexithymia in clinical and nonclinical populations. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of alexithymia and compare male and female students of Shahid Chamran University in alexithymia and its subscales. Methods and Materials: The study sample consisted of 841 undergraduate students of Shahid Chamran University. This sample was selected by multistage random sampling method from the 8000 undergraduates in the year 2008. The data collection tool was the 20-item version of Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). To analyze data descriptive statistics، chi-square test، Student’s independent t-test، and multivariate analysis of variance were used. The results showed that the rate of alexithymia was 19. 5% in the whole sample، 18. 8% in females، and 20. 2% in males. There was no significant difference in prevalence of alexithymia between male and female. Comparison of the two genders in the total score and three subscales showed that there were significant differences in total score and the external oriented thinking subscale in which the averages were higher in male students (P < 0. 01). There was no difference in prevalence and intensity of difficulty in identifying and describing feelings between males and females. However، the high prevalence of alexithymia in Iranian undergraduate students is an indicator of the necessity for emotional education in schools and universities.

Aim and The purpose of the present study was to investigate the factorial structure and reliability of Persian version of the Multiple Intelligences Inventory. Methods and Materials: First، this Inventory translated to Farsi. Then، it was retranslated to English and compared with the original version to find and correct the gaps between the translated version and the original version. Finally، after the pilot study and resolving the mistakes، the final Inventory was carried out for sample group consisting of 413 students studying in Humanities Sciences in Tabriz Payame Noor University (283 female، 130 male). In this study، Exploratory Factor Analysis was conducted on the items of scales، using a Principal Component Analysis، with Varimax Rotation. Resulte of factor analysis showed diffrent dimention for each subscales. For these factors assigned a name according to the content of the items. In this research item- total correlations and item discrimination power calculated. The reliability of the Inventory was obtained by internal consistency (cronbach alpha) and test- retest methods. Cronbach''s Alpha coefficient for subscales was in the range between 0. 74 untile 0. 96; and correlation coefficient after four weeks retest was in the range between 0. 68 untill 0. 89، respectively. Cronbach''s Alpha and test- retest coefficient showed that reliability of subscales is acceptable. According to the Results of this study can be councluded that Multiple Intelligences Inventory has appropriate psychometric properties for detemine individual intelligence profiles.

Recently، tremendous studies have been made on psychopathology and treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder. According these studies، several models of etiology have been developed for SAD. Some Concepts that studied include temperamental and genetic factors، environmental factors and learning experiences، social skill deficits، cognitive factors، cultural issues and evolutionary factors. Etiological models based on different approaches were used above concepts for development and maintenance of Social Anxiety Disorder. The current article reviewed etiological models of social anxiety disorder that presented until now. Evaluation of these models and clinical implications of them are discussed.